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Gastroscopy, also known as Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) or upper endoscopy, is the procedure of choice to examine the upper digestive tract, which includes the gullet (oesophagus), the stomach and the proximal part of the small intestine (duodenum).
OGD is ideal for investigating upper abdominal pain (gastric pain), difficult or painful swallowing and “heart burn” symptoms. In fact, it is currently the gold standard for diagnosing gastric ulcers and gastric cancer as well as Helicobacter Pylori infection. Patients with these problems often present with poor appetite and significant weight loss. Besides its diagnostic role, OGD is the preferred procedure for removing gastric polyps and arresting bleeding from the upper digestive tract, which often presents with black tarry stools.
During the procedure, a thin, flexible and steerable tube with an embedded video camera and light source (the gastroscope) is guided through the mouth, down into the gullet, the stomach and the proximal part of the small intestine (duodenum) under direct visualisation. The surface lining of the upper digestive tract will be inspected and tissue samples may be obtained for further evaluation under the microscope. To achieve better comfort, a local anaesthetic mouth spray is given before OGD. Intravenous sedation is optional and may be given when necessary.
Other related procedures during gastroscopy
Other related procedures during gastroscopy
Oesophageal varices band ligation & Glue injection
Oesophageal varices band ligation & Glue injection
Oesophageal and gastric varices are abnormally dilated and convoluted veins found in the gullet or stomach. These veins are the result of abnormally high pressure in the portal circulation, usually due to liver hardening (cirrhosis). They are fragile and may rupture suddenly, risking severe bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract. Without prompt treatment, such bleeding can be life threatening.
Endoscopic treatment of varices includes band ligation with small rubber bands mounted on a cap device attached to the distal end of the gastroscope. Depending on the number and severity of the varices, multiple bands may be released in a single setting to arrest bleeding. Another method involves injecting a transparent tissue glue into the varices. This glue hardens rapidly after injection resulting in a cast formation which impedes blood flow and obliterates the varices.
This procedure is very similar to routine oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy although it may take a longer time to complete. The procedure may have to be repeated a number of times until all varices are successfully eradicated.
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